葡萄酒的感官评价常用术语(A-B)

Acetic: Tasting term indicating an undesirable vinegary smell.
醋酸的：一个用来表述不愉快酸味的品尝术语。

Acidic: Used to describe wines whose total acid is so high that they taste tart or sour and have a sharp edge on the palate.
酸的：用于形容葡萄酒的总酸度过高以至于尝起来具有辛辣或酸腐味且在口腔中具有锋利的边角感。

Acids: Essential component of all wines. Several different acids are found in grapes and wine. Grapes are one of the few fruits to contain tartaric acid, the major wine acid and the most important source of acidity in wine. Smaller amounts of malic acid, citric acid and lactic acid can also be found, as can acetic acid. See also 'volatile acidity'.
酸：所有酒中的基本成分。在葡萄和葡萄酒中能找到几种不同的酸。葡萄是少数含有酒石酸的水果的一种，（酒石酸是酒中主要的酸性物质，同时也是酒的酸度的最重要来源）。除醋酸外，还有少量的苹果酸，柠檬酸和乳酸。也可参考'volatile acidity挥发性酸'.

Acrid: Describes a harsh or bitter taste or pungent smell that is due to excess sulfur.
辛辣的：形容一个粗糙或苦的味道又或者是由于过量的硫磺而产生的刺激性气味。

Aftertaste: Sensation left in the mouth after wine is swallowed. A long aftertaste is a sign of a complex, high-quality wine. See also 'length'.
后味：咽下葡萄酒后在口腔里留下的感觉。悠长的后味是复杂、高质量葡萄酒的标志。也可参考“length长度”。

Age-Worthy: Describes the small number of top wines that have sufficient flavor, acidity, alcohol and tannin to gain additional complexity with time in the bottle. Most popular wines are meant to be enjoyed shortly after release and will only diminish with age.
值得陈年的: 形容少数具有充足风味，酸度，酒精和单宁的顶尖葡萄酒可随着在瓶中的陈年时间而增加其复杂度。大多数流行葡萄酒在上市后短期内就可以饮用且随着年岁的增大而逐渐衰退。 

Aggressive: Tasting term, usually indicating a wine with high or excessive acidity or tannin. Wines that are aggressive in their youth may improve with ageing.
凌厉的：品尝术语，通常指葡萄酒含有高的或过量酸度或单宁。年轻时凌厉的葡萄酒会随着陈酿而改良。

Agreeable: Pleasant character of a well-balanced wine.
惬意的：一款平衡良好的葡萄酒所包含的宜人特征。

Alcoholic: Used to describe a wine that has too much alcohol for its body and weight, making it unbalanced. A wine with too much alcohol will taste uncharacteristically heavy or hot as a result. This quality is noticeable in aroma and aftertaste.
含酒精的：用于形容一款葡萄酒由于相对于其酒体和重量而言含有过多的酒精，而出现不平衡的状态。过量的酒精会使葡萄酒出现非典型性地沉重或热（辣）的感觉。这种性质在香味或回味中相当明显。

Appearance: Refers to a wine’s clarity, not color. Common descriptors refer to the reflective quality of the wine; brilliant, clear, dull or cloudy for those wines with visible suspended particulates.
外观：指葡萄酒的澄清度，而非颜色。常用于描述葡萄酒的反射性质：闪耀、清晰，那些带有明显悬浮粒子的葡萄酒通常描述为阴暗、阴沉。

Apple, appley: Tasting term used to indicate the lively fruity acidity of a young white. Bruised apple taste can indicate oxidation, in reds or whites.
苹果味：品尝术语，用来指年轻白葡萄酒中含有的活泼的果酸。带腐败气味的苹果味用在红白葡萄酒中暗指氧化的意思。

Aroma: Tasting term used to indicate the smells of a wine, particularly those deriving from the grape and fermentation. See also 'bouquet'.
香气：品尝术语，用来指葡萄酒的气味，尤其是指从葡萄和发酵中获得的气味。也可参考“bouquet芳香”。

Aromatic: Tasting term used to indicate a wine with a positive, agreeable smell. Also, a class of grapes (e.g. the Muscat family) which are particularly fragrant.
芬芳的：品尝术语，用来指酒中具有好的，使人愉悦的气味。同时也只具有特殊香味的葡萄种类（如麝香族葡萄品种）。

Astringent: Tasting term used to indicate a sharp bitterness. Usually a fault, a wine may become less astringent with ageing.
涩（味）的：用来表示一种尖锐苦涩之感的品尝术语。葡萄酒中出现涩味通常被认为是有缺点的，经过陈年之后葡萄酒的涩感会减弱。

Austere: Tasting term, usually indicating a lack of richness or sweetness.
简朴的：品尝术语，通常指葡萄酒缺少丰富度和甜味。

Awkward: Describes a wine that has poor structure, is clumsy or is out of balance.
笨拙的：形容葡萄酒的结构差，显得笨拙或不均衡。

Backbone: Used to denote those wines that are full-bodied, well-structured and balanced by a desirable level of acidity.
有主干的：用于指均衡的葡萄酒中具有醇厚感，良好结构和一个宜人酸度。

Backward: Used to describe a young wine that is less developed than others of its type and class from the same vintage.
后进的：用于形容同类以及相同年份的一类葡萄酒中发展较慢的年轻葡萄酒。

Balance: A wine is balanced when its elements are harmonious and no single element dominates. The "hard" components –acidity and tannin– balance the "soft" components –sweetness, fruit and alcohol.
平衡：当一款葡萄酒的所有元素和谐共处且没有单一突出的元素就是平衡的。“硬”成分-酸度和单宁-平衡“软”成分-甜度，果味和酒精。

Balanced: Tasting term, used to indicate a wine in which all the elements (fruit, acidity, tannin, etc.) are in harmony.
和谐的（均衡的）：品尝术语，用来指一种葡萄酒中的所有成分（果味、酸度、单宁等）处于一种和谐的状态。

Bead: The tiny bubbles found in sparkling wines; a small, persistent bead is an indicator of quality.
水珠：出现在香槟酒里面的微小气泡；小而持久的水珠是质量的象征。

Beery: Tasting term indicating the malty smell or taste of beer, usually considered a fault in wine.
啤酒味：品尝术语，指葡萄酒中含有啤酒的麦芽味或有啤酒味，出现在葡萄酒中通常被认为是个缺点。

Berry: This term has two meanings. An individual grape is called a berry by grapegrowers. It also describes the set of fruit flavors found in many wines, which includes strawberry, raspberry, and blueberry.
浆果，浆果味：该术语有双重意思。一个单独的葡萄被葡萄种植者称为浆果。它同时又是描述在大多数葡萄酒里面发现的一系列水果滋味，包括草莓，木莓和蓝莓等。

Big: Tasting term used to indicate a powerful wine with plenty of fruit and structure and possibly high alcohol.
宽厚的：品尝术语，用来形容一款具有丰厚果味和构造，且可能酒精含量高的强健的葡萄酒。

Bite: Tasting term used to indicate a powerful initial sensation of acidity or tannin, which grabs attention immediately the wine is tasted.
尖刺感：品尝术语，用来形容一种由酒酸或单宁引起的强烈的最初感觉，入口就能马上感受到。

Bitter: One of the four basic flavors which can be detected by the tongue. Bitterness is a fault in excess, but is normally balanced by fruit and sweetness.

苦的：舌头能够发现的四种基本味道之一。苦味过重是不正常的现象，但一般能被果味和甜度所平衡。

Blackcurrant: Tasting term used to indicate the often pungent aroma of blackcurrant fruit and leaf, particularly in wines of Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon Blanc.
黑加仑子味：品尝术语，用以形容黑加仑子和叶子的刺激性味道，在赤霞珠和长相思葡萄酒中特别明显。

Blind Tasting: A tasting in which the wines are not identified; often the bottles are disguised in paper bags. The goal is to reduce tasters’ expectations of specific wines, offering a more objective analysis of each wine. In a single-blind tasting, the taster may know which brand or types of wine are in the flight, but not the order. In a double-blind tasting, the taster has no information about the wines in the flight.
盲品：一次无法辨别葡萄酒的品尝；通常酒瓶是被纸袋包好的。目的是为了减少品酒者对特定葡萄酒的预料，提供了一个对每款葡萄酒更为客观的分析。在单一盲品中，品尝者可能知道所品葡萄酒的品牌或类型，但却不知道顺序。在双重盲品中，品尝者对葡萄酒的信息一无所知。

Blunt: Strong in flavor and often alcoholic, but lacking in aromatic interest and development on the palate.
生硬的：风味强烈且通常酒精明显，但却缺乏果香影响且在味觉上缺乏发展。

Blush: Also known as rose, this term describes a pink or salmon-colored wine made from red grapes. The wine may be dry or sweet.
粉红：同时也被称作玫瑰红，该术语描述了由红葡萄所酿成的粉红或鲜肉色，可能是干型或甜型的葡萄酒

Body: Tasting term used to indicate the weight of the wine in the mouth.
酒体：品尝术语，用来指葡萄酒在口中的重量。

Bottle Sickness: A temporary condition characterized by muted or disjointed fruit flavors. It often occurs immediately after bottling or when wines (usually fragile wines) are shaken in travel. Also called bottle shock. A few days of rest is the cure.
瓶伤：葡萄酒出现的暂时性状况如无生气或果味混乱。通常在装瓶后或者经旅行震荡（特别是脆弱的葡萄酒）后会马上出现。同时也叫做“瓶中休克”。让其休息几天后就会痊愈。

Brawny: Used to describe wines that are hard, intense, tannic and that have raw, woody flavors. The opposite of elegant.
强壮的：用于形容葡萄酒坚硬，强烈，单宁明鲜且具有生的，木头风味。与优雅相对。

Briary: Describes young wines with an earthy or stemmy wild berry character.
似石南的：形容年轻的葡萄酒带有的泥土味或带茎的野生浆果特征。

Bright: Used for fresh, ripe, zesty, lively young wines with vivid, focused flavors.
明亮的、欢快的：用于形容新鲜，成熟，有风味，活泼的年轻葡萄酒所带有的鲜明集中的滋味。

Brilliant: Term applied to wines, particularly white wines, which are free of any visible suspended matter and have a sparkling clarity.
闪亮的：用于描述葡萄酒尤其是白葡萄酒中没有任何肉眼可见的悬浮物质，表面闪闪发亮的澄清特征。

Bouquet: Tasting term used to indicate the smells that develop with ageing.
陈香、酒香：品尝术语，用来指随着葡萄酒的陈酿而发展出来的香味。

Browning: Describes a wine's color, and is a sign that a wine is mature and may be faded. A bad sign in young red (or white) wines, but less significant in older wines. Wines 20 to 30 years old may have a brownish edge yet still be enjoyable.
成褐色的：形容一款葡萄酒的颜色，并且是一款酒成熟且可能是衰退的迹象。 在年轻的红（或白）葡萄酒中这是一个不好的迹象，但在较老的葡萄酒中则显得不是那么重要。20至30年的葡萄酒可能会出现褐色色调但却仍然可以享受。

Burnt: Describes wines that have an overdone, smoky, toasty or singed edge. Also used to describe overripe grapes.
燃烧味：形容葡萄酒具有过度的烟熏，烤面包或者是烧焦的尖锐味道。同时也用于形容过熟的葡萄。

Buttery: Tasting term used to indicate a rich taste or smell of butter, usually in white wine. Often an indicator that the wine has undergone malolactic fermentation.
黄油般的：品尝术语，用语指黄油的香浓口感或气味，常出现在白葡萄酒中。这种味道通常暗示了这款酒曾经进行过苹果乳酸发酵。

Butyric: Rancid odour of some spoiled wines.
坏奶油味的：描述一些破败葡萄酒所散发出的腐臭味。